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Pericles
A romance of magic and adventure, “Pericles”
recounts the 16-year odyssey of a prince storm-tossed around the
Mediterranean from his homeland of Tyre to Mytilene. The smell of incense,
hanging lanterns above an oriental-carpeted stage, and exotic music on the
Greek clarinet, gaida, and bouzouki greet the audience on entering the
theater.
It is generally agreed that Shakespeare did not write acts one and two,
in which Pericles travels to Antioch to solve a riddle that will win the
hand of the daughter of King.Antiochus. Former suitors who failed have been
beheaded. One of many spectacular stage effects occurs when the king
demonstrates to Pericles the result of failure: severed heads drop down on
ropes from the ceiling. Undeterred, he jousts with and defeats other
suitors. But when Pericles solves the riddle and it alerts him to the
incestuous relationship between the ruler and his daughter, Pericles
realizes his life in in danger, and he flees. After saving another kingdom
from famine, he sails on to Pentapolis, falls in love with and marries
Thaisa, sails for home but encounters a great storm, during which their
child Marina is born and his wife supposedly dies in childbirth and is
buried at sea.
The power of the lines and the theme of reunion of father and daughter
and husband and wife, mark the last three acts as Shakespeare’s.
When
Pericles enters as the storm rages, declaring, Lear-like, “The god of this
great vast, rebuke these surges,” we are fairly certain of the authorship
of the last three acts. In addition to the power of the lines, the theme
appears in the other late plays in the RSC series. “The Winter’s Tale” also
follows in separate plots the fortunes of father and child, concluding with
a similar family reunion, with father and daughter and husband and wife
being reunited. And in “The Tempest,” as in the other two works, the
marriage of the mature hero’s daughter is celebrated.
“Pericles” is not an easy play to stage, with its time span and changes
of locale and characters, and Adrian Noble does an excellent job both of
clarifying a complex plot and of creating an atmosphere of exoticism and
mystery. Eastern costumes and music help, and most of the principals are
effective and clear-spoken, with the exception of Myra Lucretia Taylor as
the wicked Queen Dionyza, who jealously plots Marina’s death. Brian
Protheroe is outstanding as John Gower, who serves as chorus and upon whose
telling of the story, originally a Hellenistic romance, the play is based.
Ray Fearon is a heroic, virile Pericles and Kananu Kirimi a delightfully
appealing Marina, convincing even in the brothel scene where she must
preserve her virtue while preaching to the inmates to amend their ways. The
comic acting of Geff Francis as Pandar and Simon Gregor as Boult in the
brothel (to which Victorians objected) renders the scenes bawdy but not
offensive. Mr. Fearon and Ms. Kirimi are especially effective in the moving
scene where a despondent Pericles recognizes Marina as his lost child. As
in “The Winter’s Tale” and “The Tempest” in this RSC season of late plays,
families are reunited at the end, as Thaisa (Lauren Ward), thought dead,
like Hermione, is restored to her husband and child. .
For reviews of “The
Winter’s Tale” and “The Tempest,” see Archive of
Plays Reviewed.
Antony and Cleopatra
The Royal Shakespeare Company concludes its London season with a
disappointing “Antony and Cleopatra,” at the Haymarket through September
21.
It is not up to the usual high standard maintained by the RSC because
Sinead Cusack’s fine Cleopatra is playing opposite a miscast Antony. Stuart
Wilson is hardly convincing as “the triple pillar of the world,” the Roman
general who, in Shakespeare’s opening lines is likened to Mars. But these
are not the opening lines used by director Michael Attenborough, who has
chopped and changed the text. Mr. Wilson has obviously not read National
Theatre voice director Patsy Rodenburg’s book Speaking Shakespeare
or he would be aware that there is rhythm and music in the lines which he
slurs, swallows, and stops, losing the sense. To mistake shouting for
emotion may be acceptable on television, but hardly on the RSC stage.
That said, let us appreciate Ms. Cusack’s Cleopatra, who demonstrates
the “infinite variety” characteristic of this legendary Egyptian Queen, for
she is, in turn (using Shakespeare’s words) a “wrangling Queen/ Whom every
thing becomes, to chide, to laugh, /To weep.” Her memorable scenes include
those with the messenger bringing news of Antony’s marriage, and her final
decision to join him in death. As the young Octavius Caesar, Stephen
Campbell-Moore is outstanding. Unlike Antony, Octavius has his emotions
firmly in control; no chance that Cleopatra will charm him as she did his
adoptive father, Julius Caesar. Mr. Campbell-Moore creates a rounded
character: a caring brother, an abstainer from enticements that would
affect his valued reason, and a commanding, intelligent administrator
(which historically paid off when in 27 BC he became the Emperor Augustus,
ushering in 250 years of stability for Rome). He and Clive Wood as the
contrasting, fun-loving Roman Enobarbus demonstrate how Shakespeare should
be spoken, preserving the rhythm, which leads to accenting the right words,
and thus making the meaning clear. Noma Dumezweni and Kirsten Parker
contribute good cameos as the handmaidens Charmian and Iras.
Director Michael Attenborough might be allowed a few cuts of text, but
to eliminate Pompey altogether makes the carousing scene meaningless. It is
meant to take place on board Pompey’s galley, where the triumvirate are
celebrating an uneasy truce with their former friend. Turned into a
“banquet,” it makes little sense. One suspects that the extensive drinking
bouts and the interminable men’s dance - which looks like rugby’s New
Zealand Blacks’ war-dance - use up the space and time originally allotted
to Pompey. Changing the opening of the play, in which Antony’s soldiers
contrast their general’s great feats in battle with his transformation
“into a strumpet’s fool” is to challenge Shakespeare’s stagecraft, whereby
the audience is made to anticipate the entrance of the regal pair who will
surpass all the lovers in Elysium. Instead, the two are, “lolling on a lewd
day-bed” with Cleo bestriding Antony, oiling his back as he lies face down.
Questions: Why is Cleopatra inserted into the domestic scene between
Antony and new wife Octavia? If she symbolizes Antony’s thought, she
should be depicted less realistically than lying on a piece of the
furniture. Why are words changed? Small example: Antony, raging about
Cleopatra’s allowing Caesar’s messenger to kiss her hand: “To flatter
Caesar, would you mingle eyes/ With one that ties his points?” Being an
archaic word, “points,” meaning, we can assume from the lines, “laces,” is
here changed to “shoes.” Does tying shoes make better sense? Also “ties”
and “points,” beginning with plosives, suit Antony’s explosion over the
incident. And why substitute the funereal soothsayer for the “rural
fellow,” as he is described, who at the end brings Cleopatra the figs (
covering death-dealing asps)? Any of the men playing the smaller roles so
well could have played the “clown” (rustic), whose prose sexual innuendo
contrasts with and provides a lightening before the high poetry of
Cleopatra’s death scene.
Designer Es Devlin dresses Antony as a hippie, but Octavius and his
Romans look good in ankle-length, fitted, tailored coats over shiny
breastplates. Or maybe they wear their costumes better. The tall box on
which Antony is placed in his final scene with Cleopatra means he is
awkwardly lowered down by his bandages, instead of raised, as in the text.
The shifting from Egypt to Rome and back is conveyed by appropriate music
and light changes from red to grey and black that becomes monotonous after
a while. And why a backdrop of soldiers, used for the war scenes, remains
for non-war scenes is another detail that proves confusing rather than
clarifying. Compared to the usual RSC achievements: C+. Performance
schedule www.rsc.org.uk.
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